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Builder
A Builder is any citizen that has been assigned to work at a Builder's Hut.
More info here: https://wiki.minecolonies.com/source/workers/builder
First of all, the Builder does increase in building speed the higher level their hut is. So keep that in mind when making big builds with him. Also make sure he/she gets fed or they wont work.
The Builder will need the player to place resources (cobblestone, coal, wool, sand) into the chest inside the Builder's Hut as needed so that the builder may use them to build the buildings you've assigned him to build. They can be any gender.
To construct any building, you must first craft it's corresponding building chest (e.g. a Citizen's Hut), place it, and right click on it. Once you do, the chest will open the building's GUI, and you'll have to click "Build". This will create a build request, and your Builder will get to work! (assuming you have provided them with the construction resources in the Builder's Hut chest)
Once the Builder runs out of a certain resource necessary for them to continue construction, they will return to the Builder's Hut. If you right click on them, you will find that they will either have a list of things he needs, or a list of tools they need to continue with construction.
Note: I have noticed a bug where the Builder will sometimes request something I have already given them. Normally taking the item and giving it to them again will clear this bug. - rbgamblin, May 2019